Room
Auditoire Alexandre Yersin ( traverser la route - bâtiment de liaison )
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Theme
Environment - Healthy environment for healthy people
Chair
Jean-Luc Bulliard
Title
Premiers pas d'un living lab en santé durable à Yverdon-les-bains, Suisse
Name
Francesca Bosisio
Affiliation
HEIG-VD
Abstract
Le plan Horizon 2030 d’Yverdon-les-Bains (YLB) matérialise l’engagement de la municipalité en faveur de la santé durable et de démarches participatives en matière de santé, sécurité et urbanisme. Au fil de ces projets, la volonté de mettre en place un living lab en santé durable a été manifestée, encourageant une logique de ville à taille humaine capable d’expérimenter des projets en matière de santé, activité et mouvement. Un premier projet a ainsi été financé dans le but de :1. Réaliser une cartographie des acteurs mobilisables dans le cadre du living lab et investiguer leurs préoccupations en matière de santé durable ;
2. Développer des indicateurs permettant aux décideurs politiques de mesurer l’impact des projets issus du futur living lab.
Les résultats de la première étape mettent en évidence les préoccupations principales suivantes: 1) Les conditions pour préserver la santé ne sont pas réunies pour tou.te.s. Il y a néanmoins une une motivation et une volonté des collectifs et personnes interrogées de s’engager pour améliorer cette situation ; 2) Le concept de santé durable revêt des sens différents en fonction des personnes interrogées. Toutefois, il y a une conviction diffuse qu’il faut travailler ensemble pour réunir les conditions d’une approche à la santé globale et inclusive. 3) Le lien entre le changement climatique et santé n’est pas intuitif. Il est nécessaire dans ce contexte de mettre en place des démarches permettant d’améliorer cette compréhension et formuler des pistes d’action.
Les résultats de la deuxième étape nous ont permis pour leur part de mettre en évidence de catégories d’impacts et d’indicateurs parmi lesquels choisir en fonction des projets réalisés : les impacts tangibles portent sur les produits et valeurs (pertinence des services et prestations, convergence des objectifs et valeurs, etc.) et sur les savoirs et comportements (amélioration de la littératie, changements des comportements, engagement, etc.). Les impacts intangibles portent sur les approches et mentalités (meilleure collaboration entre les services, meilleure empathie, etc.) et sur les réseaux et liens (changements dans la dynamique sociale, propension à l’entraide, à l’action sociale…). Trois dimensions peuvent être mesurées pour chacun de ces impacts : leur échelle (combien de personnes sont concernées), leur portée spatiale (dans quel/s groupe/s, region/s, service/s...), leur durée (durée du changement, de l’effet).
Title
Spatial variation of ambient exposure to electromagnetic fields across Switzerland
Name
Nicolas Loizeau
Affiliation
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Abstract
Introduction of 5G has amplified concerns in part of the population about high exposure levels to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the everyday life. Therefore, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment mandated the SwissNIS consortium to characterize the ambient EMF exposure of the Swiss population from 2021 to 2025.We conducted ambient EMF by means of portable devices in various microenvironments such as residential outdoor areas, city centers, railway stations, schools. Outdoor areas were selected to be representative in terms of population exposed to EMF sources (e.g. mobile base stations, high voltage lines), territorial typologies, and linguistic regions of Switzerland. The EMF levels are measured with ExpoM-RF4, which covers 35 radiofrequency (RF) bands from 80 MHz to 6 GHz and with ExpoM-ELF, which covers the extremely low-frequency (ELF) range from 1Hz to 100 kHz. In 2021 and 2022, we measured the EMF levels by walking in 225 different outdoor areas, 180 public spaces and numerous transport facilities. Note that the personal phone was always in flight-mode during the measurements to record only ambient EMF exposure.
We compared the EMF levels between the environments and estimated the contributions from various EMF sources (e.g. mobile base stations, high voltage lines). All EMF levels are below the regulatory limits, mostly <1% of the limit values. Typically, highest RF-EMF levels are measured in crowded places like train stations or public transport with high occupancy. For outdoor areas, the RF-EMF levels are higher with greater urbanization (e.g. in industrial areas) or with high population density (e.g. in the major city centers). Base stations account for the largest share of ambient RF-EMF exposure in outdoor areas. In public transport, passenger phones and base stations contribute about equally to the ambient EMF exposure due to high mobile phone’s user density. ELF-EMF levels are highest in the trains followed by railway stations due to the proximity of railway power lines.
A report is published annually with the previous year's measurements, supplemented by EMF measurements in private homes and five fixed measuring stations. While we reported EMF levels far below the regulatory limits, monitoring the ambient EMF levels remain necessary to inform the public about their daily ambient EMF exposure and to observe its temporal evolution in light of the introduction of new communication technologies (e.g. 5G).
Title
Monitoring of annual heat-related deaths in Switzerland: Results for the years 2005-2022
Name
Martina Ragettli
Affiliation
Swiss TPH
Abstract
The increasing heat stress is a threat to human health. In Switzerland, high ambient temperatures have been associated with excess mortality and increases in emergency hospital admissions. The elderly, the chronically ill and people with low socio-economic status are at highest risk. Here, we present the method and results of a new national monitoring system for heat-related mortality in Switzerland. Federal Agencies intend to use it to systematically report the number of heat-related deaths retrospectively from 2005.To estimate the heat-attributable mortality for the years 2005 to 2022, we first established a temperature-mortality association for each summer using measurements of daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality from the current and the nine previous summers. Here, summer is defined as the period between May and September. We then coupled these associations with observed daily number of deaths to estimate the annual heat-attributable deaths for Switzerland, by great region, sex and for two age groups (<75 and ≥75 years). Heat-attributable mortality was computed as the sum of the contributions of days in each summer with temperatures above the summer-specific minimum mortality temperature.
Between 2005 and 2022, the estimated heat-attributable deaths were highest in 2015 (747 cases) and lowest in 2021 (87 cases). Preliminary analyses for the summer 2022 resulted in 472 heat-attributable deaths.
The new monitoring of heat-related deaths by means of attributable case calculation is considered a valuable addition to the existing weekly mortality monitoring of the Federal Statistical Office. Despite very hot summer temperatures in 2022, heat-attributable deaths were lower than during the warm summer of 2015. This suggests that adaptation strategies may have contributed to reduce the heat-related mortality risk. The high excess mortality observed by the Federal Statistical Office during summer 2022 may be mainly owed to Covid-19. With increasing heat stress and more extreme heatwaves, it is important in the policy context to have solid estimates of heat-related mortality.
Title
Environmental sustainability in food-based dietary guidelines: a global comparison
Name
Lucía Aguirre Sánchez
Affiliation
Università della Svizzera italiana
Abstract
Aim: Dietary guidelines aim to inform the public about what to eat more and less for a healthy diet. However, given the impact of foods on the health of the planet, dietary recommendations need to incorporate sustainability considerations. This study aimed to compare if and how different countries include environmental sustainability in their national dietary guidelines and how they communicate environmental sustainability in such guidelines.Methods: A global multi-country comparative mixed-method review of food-based dietary guidelines for the adult population was conducted. A scoring tool was used to assess each guideline in three main categories: i) environmental sustainability across the supply chain ‘farm to fork’, ii) food groups with high climate impact and iii) advice on dietary patterns with lower climate impact. Quantitative content analysis and qualitative synthesis of key dietary recommendations were conducted. A country ranking and map visualizations were used to summarize quantitative scoring results.
Findings: Ninety-three food-based dietary guidelines from 92 countries met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Country scores ranged from five to 66, out of 100, in the score of environmental sustainability in dietary guidelines. Scores were significantly higher in high-income, industrialized countries, guidelines published after 2010, and those that acknowledge an environment-diet link. Overall, countries addressed fewer recommendations concerning high environmental impacts and more recommendations concerning comparatively lower environmental impacts.
Title
Influence of Urban Heat Islands on Heat-related mortality in Swiss cities: A Case-Time Series Analysis
Name
Benedikt Wicki
Affiliation
SwissTPH
Abstract
In the light of growing urbanization and projected temperature increases due to climate change, heat-related mortality in urban areas is a pressing public health concern. On hot days, ambient temperatures can vary within cities depending on structural features such as green space and impervious surfaces, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. This study examined whether people living in urban heat islands are at higher risk for heat-related mortality in Switzerland. We used records of all natural cause deaths from the Swiss National Cohort occurring in eight cities during the warm season (May to September) of the years 2003 to 2016. These records included residential addresses. We defined urban heat islands based on two approaches. First, we defined the 10% hottest 100x100m grid cells within each city using a high-resolution daily temperature model as urban heat islands, and classified the observed deaths accordingly. In the second approach, we classified deaths occurring in either low- or medium-high-greenness areas based on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). To assess temperature-mortality associations, we performed a case time series analysis of city specific daily mortality and measured daily maximum temperature from city specific ground stations using distributed-lag-non-linear models with a lag of 0-3 days. Additional analyses explored the effects of heatwaves (≥3 consecutive days with Tmax ≥ 30°C) and tropical nights (Tmin ≥ 20°C). All analyses were conducted separately for deaths within and outside of urban heat islands. In total, 53,593 deaths occurred during the study period. Overall, the relative mortality risk at the 99th temperature percentile of Tmax (34.5°C) compared to minimum mortality temperature (22.5°C) was 1.28 [95%CI: 1.18, 1.38]. Stratified analysis revealed that this risk at 34.5°C was 21% [95%CI: -5%, 56%] higher in heat islands defined by the temperature model compared to other urban areas. Similar risk differences were observed for heatwaves (RR = 1.22 [95%CI: 0.88, 1.70]) and tropical nights (RR= 1.21 [95%CI: 0.90, 1.63]). In contrast, no clear risk differences according to urban heat island status only defined by NDVI were observed. Our results indicate that urban heat islands are associated with increased heat-related mortality risk within Swiss cities, and that structural urban features beyond greenness are responsible for such spatial risk differences.